REXROTH柱塞马达A2FO63/61R-VBB05

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柱塞泵分为轴向柱塞泵和径向柱塞泵两种代表性的结构形式;由于径向柱塞泵属于一种新型的技术含量比较高的高效泵,随着国产化的不断加快，径向柱塞泵必然会成为柱塞泵应用领域的重要组成部分。
柱塞泵是往复泵的一种，属于体积泵 ,其柱塞靠泵轴的偏心转动驱动往复运动,其吸入和排出阀都是单向阀。当柱塞外拉时，工作室内压力降低，出口阀关闭,低于进口压力时,进口阀打开,液体进入;柱塞内推时,工作室压力升高,进口阀关闭,高于出口压力时,出口阀打开,液体排出。
内带滑靴结构的轴向柱塞泵是目前使用*广泛的轴向柱塞泵,安放在缸体中的柱塞通过滑靴与斜盘相接触,当传动轴带动缸体旋转时,斜盘将柱塞从缸体中拉出或推回,完成吸排油过程。柱塞与缸孔组成的工作容腔中的油液通过配油盘分别与泵的吸、排油腔相通。变量机构用来改变斜盘的倾角,通过调节斜盘的倾角可改变泵的排量。

液压传动系统的组成
1、液压动力原件
将动力装置的机械能转换成为液压能的装置，其作用是为液压传动系统提供压力油,是液压传动系统的动力源。例如液压泵。
1.1液压泵
液压泵是液压系统的动力元件，其作用是将原动机的机械能转换成液体的压力能,指液压系统中的油泵，它向整个液压系统提供动力。液压泵的结构形式一般有齿轮泵、叶片泵和柱塞泵。
1.2齿轮泵
齿轮泵即依靠密封在个壳体中的两个或两个以上齿轮,在相互啮合过程中所产生的工作空间容积变化来输送液体的泵。齿轮泵的概念是很简单的，即它的基本形式就是两个尺寸相同的齿轮在一个紧密配合的壳体内相互啮合旋转，这个壳体的内部类似“8”字形，两个齿轮装在里面,齿轮的外径及两侧与壳体紧密配合。来自于挤出机的物料在吸入口进入两个齿轮中间，并充满这一空间，随着齿的旋转沿壳体运动，后在两齿啮合时排出。困油现象齿轮泵要平稳工作，齿轮啮合的重合度必须大于1, 于是总有两对齿轮同时啮合, :并有一部分油液被围困在两对轮齿所围成的封闭容腔之间。这个封闭的容腔开始随着
齿轮的转动逐渐减小，以后又逐渐加大。封闭腔容积的减小会使被困油液受挤压而产生很高的压力，并且从缝隙中挤出，导致油液发热，并致使机件受到额外的负载，而封闭腔容积的增大又造成局部真空，使油液中溶解的气体分离，产生气穴现象。这些都将产生强烈的振动和噪音，这就是齿轮泵的困意现象。
危害：径向不平衡力很大时能使轴弯曲，齿顶与壳体接触，同时加速轴承的磨损，降低轴承的寿命。
消除困油现象方法:通常是在两侧盖板上开卸荷槽，使封闭腔容积诚小时通过左边的卸荷槽与压油腔相通，容积增大时通过右边的卸荷槽与吸油腔相通。
1.3叶片泵
叶片泵即通过叶轮的旋转，将动力机的机械能转换为水能(势能、动能、压能)的水力机械。
叶片泵转子旋转时，叶片在离心力和压力油的作用下，尖部紧贴在定子内表面上。这样两个叶片与转子和定子内表面所构成的工作容积，先由小到大吸油后再由大到小排油，叶片旋转一周时，完成两次吸油与排油。
1.4柱塞泵
柱塞泵即利用柱塞在泵缸体内往复运动，使柱塞与泵壁间形成容积改变，反复吸入和排;出液体并增高其压力的泵。
柱塞泵是液压系统的一个重要装置。它依靠柱塞在缸体中往复运动，使密封工作容腔的容积发生变化来实现吸油、压油。柱塞泵具有额定压力高、结构紧凑、效率高和流量调节方便等优点，被广泛应用于高压、大流量和流量需要调节的场合，诸如液压机、工程机械和船舶中。
REXROTH柱塞马达A2FO63/61R-VBB05
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锻压机械是指在锻压加工中用于成形和分离的机械设备。锻压机械包括成形用的锻锤、机械压力机、液压机、螺旋压力机和平锻机，以及开卷机、矫正机、剪切机、锻造操作机等辅助机械。锻压机械主要用于金属成形，所以又称为金属成形机床。锻压机械是通过对金属施加压力使之成形的，力大是其基本特点，故多为重型设备，设备上多设有安全防护装置，以保障设备和人身安全。
锻压机械主要包括各种锻锤、各种压力机和其他辅助机械。
锻锤，由重锤落下或强迫高速运动产生的动能对坯料做功，使之塑性变形的机械。锻锤是常见、历史悠久的锻压机械。它结构简单,工作灵活,功能性强、使用面广、易于维修，适用于自由锻和模锻。但震动较大，较难实现自动化生产。
锻锤的工作原理
锻锤靠高压气体突然释放的能量驱动上，下锤头高速运动，悬空对击，是金属塑性成形的锻造方法。高速锤锻造是一种高能率成形方法，主要用于精密模锻和热挤压。
瞬间释放的高压气体(压力一般为15000兆帕，迫使锤头向下作9～24米/秒的高速运动，同时也向上推动高压气缸的缸盖，并带动整个机架向上运动。锤头上的上模与机架上的下模在空中对击工件，使之塑性变形。机架的质量远大于锤体，所以移动速度慢，行程小，便于操作。锤击后，安装在机架内的回程杆将锤头推回原处。机架放置于外支架的缓冲垫上。这类设备初只能一次单击，后来研制出可以连击的﹑内燃式的高速锤。高速锤锻造，存在明显的变形惯性力和变形热效应，控制得当可以提高金属的塑性，改善金属在模具中的流动充填性能，利用模锻可成形薄壁﹑高肋的复杂形状锻件。高速锤锻造多用于叶片﹑齿轮等零件的精锻和挤压。

力士乐REXROTH液压元件应用行业：注塑机、吹塑机、橡胶和发泡机、陶瓷压机、同步折弯机(折板机),、剪板机(剪床）、冲切/步冲、金属压力机、弯曲/锯床、机床、食品机械、皮革/鞋机、木材/造纸机械、钢铁业/铸造、压铸机/挤压机、电厂、生态能源（风能-水力-太阳能）设备、油和天然气工业设备、混凝土泵、路机、钻井/开采设备、起重机、升降机/叉车、推土机、道路，隧道，水坝工程设备、压缩机、街道维修设备、模拟器/娱乐设备、卡车、铁路工程设备、航空工业设备、船舶/航海工业设备、打谷机/喷洒机、拖拉机/收割机。 一、液压泵的基本工作原理
单柱塞泵的工作原理。凸轮由电动机带动旋转。当凸轮推动柱塞向上运动时，柱塞和缸体形成的密封体积减小，油液从密封体积中挤出，经单向阀排到需要的地方去。当凸轮旋转至曲线的下降部位时，弹簧迫使柱塞向回下，形成一定真空度，油箱中的油液在大气压力的
作用下进入密封容积。凸轮使柱塞不断地升降，密封容积周期性地减小和增大，泵就不断吸油和排油。
容积式液压泵的共同工作原理如下:
(1)容积式泵必定有一一个或若干个周期变化的密封容积。密封容积变小使油液被挤出，密封容积变大时形成一定真空度，油液通过吸油管被吸入。密封容积的变换量以及变化频率决定泵的流量。
( 2)合适的配流装置。不同形式泵的配流装置虽然结构形式不同，但所起作用相同，并且在容积式泵中是必不可少的。容积式泵排油的压力决定于排油管道中油液所受到的负载。

二、液压泵的主要性能参数
1、压力
工作压力是指泵的输出压力，其数值决定于外负载。如果负载是串联的，泵的工作压力是这些负载压力之和;如果负载是并联的，则泵的工作压力决定于并联负载中小的负载压力。
额定压力是指根据实验结果而推荐的可连续使用的高压力，他反映了泵的能力(一般为泵铭
牌上所标的压力)。在额定压力下运行时，泵有足够的流量输出，并且能保证较高的效率和寿命。
高压力比额定压力稍高，可看作是泵的能力极限。一-般不希望泵长期在高压力下运行。
2、排量和流量
排量q指在无泄漏情况下，液压泵转- ~转所能排出的油液体积。可见，排量的大小只与液压泵中密封工作容腔的几何尺寸和个数有关。排量的常用单位是(ml/r) 。
单柱塞泵:q=πd2H/4
理论流量Q指在无泄漏情况下， 液压泵单位时间内输出的油液体积。其值等于泵的排量V和泵轴转数n的乘积，即:QT=qn=πd2Hn/4
实际流量Q指单位时间内液压泵实际输出油液体积。由于工作过程中泵的出 口压力不等于零，因而存在内部泄漏量0Q (泵的工作压力越高，泄漏量越大)，使得泵的实际流量小于泵的理论流量，即Q=QT-AQ
泵的实际流量和理论流量之比称为容积效率ηpv=Q/Qn=(Qr~OQ)/Qr =1-0Q/Qr且Q=Qr*Npv
3、功率、机械效率和总效率
输入功率P;驱动液压泵的机械功率,由电动机或柴油机给出P; =2πnMr
输出功率Po液压泵输出的液压功率,
P.=pQr
根据能量守恒，有pQ_=2πM~n将Q.=qn,消去n得M~=pq/2π
实际_上，由于泵内有各种机械和液压摩擦损失,泵的实际输入转矩应大于理论转矩
力士乐REXROTH轴向柱塞泵
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液压泵控制系统
力士乐挖掘机液压泵控制系统有不同的配置,具有不同的控制功能。
恒功率阀和杠杆式恒功率装置
恒功率阀是二位三通阀。在弹簧力作用下，恒功率阀处于右位,下油缸压力油通过恒功率阀回油，在上油缸腔内油压和弹簧作用下油泵向大流量方向摆动。油泵压力油通过上油缸腔作用在顶杆上，顶杆顶推杠杆使杠杆绕支点摆动，推动A阀向右移动，使恒功率阀处于左位，油泵压力油通过恒功率阀经阀进入下油缸，推动其活塞杆，克服上油缸液压力并压缩弹簧使油泵向小流量方向摆动。同时由于上油缸活塞杆右移，顶.杆顶推杠杆的力臂减小，使杠杆推A阀的力下降，直至与A阀弹簧力相等，油泵摆角处于新的平衡位置。

这种恒功率装置通过杠杆机构来实现，只要杠杆系统设计得好，就能实现很理想的恒功率曲线。
油泵流量调节阀为二位三通阀，阀的左端受泵的出口油压Pp作用，阀的右端受多路阀负载敏感腔的油压PLmax和弹簀力FS2作用，此阀的作用是设定系统的补偿压力。流量调节阀的作用是使系统压差OP ( P -PLmax) 保持定值。OP由设计确定称为系统的补偿压差，是系统各操纵阀的进口压加P与出口压力Pm ( = PLmax) 之差，各操纵阀在保持补偿压差一定条件下，通过改变阀杆的开口面积来控制去各液压作用元件的流量。系统通过油泵流量调节，按司机操纵阀杆的开度大小，提供所需流量，而且只供给比负载稍高一点(△P)的油压。避免了系统的流量损失和过大的压力损失。当弹簧力和阀的受压面积在设计时取定后，LRS 油泵控制系统是不变的，因此恒功率阀设定功率是不变的。油泵流量调节阀设定的补偿压力也是不变的，虽然可以停机通过调整弹簧来改变功率设定和补偿压力设定，但显然是不方便和不理想的，但实际挖掘机工作中需要改变功率和改变补偿压力，这是LRS 系统的不足之处。

产品报价及货期说明： 因工业液压、自动化各进口品牌备件型号繁多，欧美产品价格货期实时变化，因此很难实时标出准确价格，故具体产品信息、报价及货期请以我公司报价单为准 ! 给您带来不便敬请谅解！以上信息由上海韦米公布，*终解释权归上海韦米机电设备有限公司所有！感谢您的合作，竭诚为您服务！